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  • The mangrove ecology along the eastern coast of Africa contains trees that are specially adapted for life in saltwater. Many traveling bird populations rely on the delta and marsh as stopover and wintering habitat. The bury-tidal forest communities called mangroves occurring in tropical and subtropical areas in the world drape the majority of the coastal regions of Africa and have been playing considerable ecological, economical and socio-cultural roles in the lives of coastal communities in the continent. This dissertation presents an impression of current protection location of mangroves in Africa including their coverage, biodiversity status, important threats and gaps in major conservation efforts. Mangroves are salt-tolerant foliage and bushes that usually grow in the intertidal zone throughout the tropics and sub-tropics. They are most often located along sheltered shores and can penetrate deep into the estuaries of rivers. Mangroves trees have a very plastic form; the same species can grow as a short stunted bush in unfavorable conditions or as a full sized tree reaching heights of 40 meters, forming dense forests several kilometers thick under favorable conditions more

  • The mangroves include tall trees, up to 30m. Compared to Central African mangroves of West Africa mangroves of East Africa have a greater variety of vegetation with two distinctive types: the mangroves on the coast itself such as the bird watching site Mida Creek near the Arabuko Skokie National Park and the town of Watamu, and the Lamu Archipelago both in Kenya, which are fed by constant streams of fresh water; and the mangroves in river inlets where more salt accumulates in the water. East African mangrove species are similar to those found on other coasts around the Indian Ocean. The Bazaruto Archipelago is an example of offshore mangroves sheltered by coral and intermingled with a mixture of shoreline habitats such as grassy sand dunes and rockpools. Compared to Southeast Asia, African mangroves support relatively low species diversity. However, the East African mangroves support the greatest flora and faunal diversity of African mangroves, as well as provide critical habitat for maintaining nearby coral reefs and populations of fish and birds.

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